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Women are born with around 2,000,000 eggs, which is all the eggs they’ll ever have. Eggs are continuously lost, so by the onset of puberty most women have around 400,000 eggs left. By a woman’s late 30s this number will have further declined to around 27,000. At the onset of menopause most women only have around 1,000 eggs left in their ovaries.
Aging is the primary cause of diminished ovarian reserve, but DOR can also be caused by genetic abnormalities, some medical treatments and injury.
No treatment can stop the process of diminished ovarian reserve, but women who are infertile due to low egg count or quality can sometimes use assisted reproductive technologies to achieve a pregnancy.
The main causes of diminished ovarian reserve are:
Cigarette smoking
Genetic abnormalities (Fragile X and other X chromosome abnormalities)
Aggressive treatments (radiation for cancer)
Ovarian surgery, such as endometriosis
Idiopathic (this means that there is no apparent cause)