Dr. Rimmy Singla suggests that If a couple has been having regular and unprotected sex for more than a year without conceiving, then it is time to think of getting tested for infertility (if the woman is more than 35 years, then the time frame is reduced to about six months). Tests for infertility have to be done by both the female and male partners. Fertility testing usually involves blood tests (to measure for important hormones) and ultrasound.
Infertility Tests for Men
Immunologic issues, ejaculatory problems, sperm production issues, and structural anomalies are the leading causes of male infertility. Tests for infertility for the male partner involve:
General physical examination
Semen analysis: Semen sample to be provided by masturbation or interruption of intercourse, and ejaculation of semen into provided container. The sample is tested for sperm count, motility, morphological characteristics and infection.
Genetic testing: This test is to identify the genetic cause of infertility and semen sample for DNA abnormalities
Hormone testing: It is done to check testosterone levels and other male hormones
Testicular biopsy: This is done to retrieve sperm for assisted reproductive techniques if needed
Imaging: ultrasound (scrotal or transrectal), MRI, bone mineral density scan, or vasography as needed
Tests Specific to Women
The following tests are done for women:
General physical examination to detect cervical cancer and other problems with the cervix
Genetic testing if needed
Blood and urine tests at different times to check for various hormones including FSH, LH, progesterone, thyroid hormones, AMH
Ovulation testing
Hysterosalpingography test. A Liquid die is injected through the vagina into the uterus and area x-rayed to check fallopian tubes and uterus
Transvaginal ultrasound
Hysteroscopy test. Thin, flexible camera-mounted scope is inserted through the cervix into the uterus for analysis and for taking samples
Laparoscopy where a small cut is made in the belly and tools and/camera inserted to correct possible problems such as endometriosis (under anesthesia)